”Source to tap” protection of water quality means putting up barriers to stop contaminants from becoming a threat at any point, from the source itself (i.e., watershed management or wellhead protection,) to the end user.

Water treatment methods range from simple filtering solutions such as screening for large debris to solutions that use technology such as ultraviolet light. Deciding how to proceed can sometimes be complicated. When in doubt, get the advice of a drinking-water safety professional.

The following are common treatment options for water at intake.

Coarse Screening

In surface sources of water, an intake screen is used to prevent larger objects, such as tree branches and rocks, from entering the system.  Of course, screening is not a method for removing harmful organisms from the water.

       Correct Installation of an Intake Screen

 

In wells, a well screen is used to help prevent pebbles and coarse sand from being drawn into the pump.

 Filter Screen for Well Casing 

Filtration

Filtration is a process for removing smaller particles of debris, either for health or aesthetic reasons. Filtration may reduce turbidity, which can mask pathogens and reduce the effectiveness of the disinfection process.

There are several methods of filtration, including sand filters and cartridge filters. Each technology has advantages and disadvantages.

       Cartridge Filter and Casing Assembly

 

 

Testing of your source water, otherwise known as piloting, may be required to determine which technology is appropriate for your situation.

You may be able to purchase a package plant that is a self-contained, complete system. Contact a drinking water safety professional for further information and advice about filtration.